Doubt Is The Father Of Invention

Doubt Is The Father Of Invention Galileo Galilei once said, Doubt is the father of invention. Thus we can say that, doubt is one of the factors which can influence the expansion of knowledge. For me I believe doubt sometimes tends to call on reason and somehow encourages people to hesitate before acting or belief. Thus we can say that doubt is the key to knowledge where with the feeling of doubt, people feel uncertain on something and try as possible they can in order to falsify and find the certainty.Nathan Salmon (1995) proposes that a believer has a grasp of a proposition and has attempted consciously to choose between the proposition and its negation.  [2]  From these definition we can claim that, by doubt it actually can triggers the feel of unbelief and then, from this , the knowledge of something will be invented when further investigation is conduct. I believe the words key to knowledge from the phrase is refer to ability of doubt which can triggers and progress to an understanding on something. Science subjects either Natural Science or Human Science are the possible area of knowledge which follows a pattern in the growth of knowledge with the presence of uncertainty beyond any suspicion. In Natural Science area, yes, I believe presence of doubt is the key to knowledge. For example, in atomic model theory, Bohr state that electrons in atom move in shells around the nucleus which contains protons. But since he invent it, many scientists feels doubt with the law and try to argue and invent new law by the improvement of scientific revolutionary as they feel uncertain towards Bohrs result. For example, in Quantum Physical Models of atom, many scientist try to explain the concept in better way like Erwin Schrodinger who are fascinated by this idea and approach the spectral phenomena that Bohrs failed to explain.  [3]  James Chadwick also feel something is lack towards the model .He search for unanswered questions related to it. So he found Bohrs atomic model cannot be apply as new theory that can be proven to work with the newly acquired knowledge. He proved the existence of neutrons, the neutral particles in nucleus. This shows that doubt aids us in the search for new knowledge, as the idea of absolute certainty lead to more questions revolving around it. It also happened to me. In my real life situation, as an IB student before starting on an experiment, hypothesis or expectation is made up to guess the result based on the existence knowledge that is theoretically proven by the experts. Somehow, at the beginning of the experiment, doubt may be influenced towards the hypothesis whether it does fit the result. Thus because of the doubt, experiment is conducted and it is such a progress towards a knowledge on knowing and proven something. The result that I gained in any experiments also always makes me feel doubt about its validity and certainty. Through the feeling of doubtful, further investigation is carried out. Thus, to reduced uncertainty due to limitations, the experiment is conduct in many times and this lead to new knowledge by finding the truth of outcome by verify a certain hypothesis and reduce the doubt one has about the theory. Apart from that, in Human sciences, doubt also can influence as the key to knowledge. Humans will change and Human sciences are based on humans the theories behind human sciences which will have to be changed. For example, urbanization that created by human. Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. It may refer to a geographical area combining urban and rural parts, or to the transformation of an individual locality from less to more urban  [4]  . For example, in real life situation, Port Harcourt, one of Nigerias major cities has been experiencing rapid urbanization since 1913 in which engulfing and transforming the way of life of the indigenous enclaves, which predate the founding of the city. Through this process, doubt plays a role as the initiator on the study of urbanization. The study from researchers, concluded that urbanization has indeed had both positive and negative impacts on the indigenous population and that there was reasonable agree ment between subjective and objective impacts of urbanization  [5]  . From this it shown that with the presence of doubt, it is such a progress of knowing something on expecting the consequences. Politics also in human science cause uncertainties. Leaders in most countries consist of the leader or founder of the politic parties. For example, in Thailand, there is a political dispute between two parties. Based on what happened, I think, the leaders of each party have their own aims, issues, propaganda and planning of the direction of the countrys flow. Therefore, that is not necessarily for the direction of the countrys system will remain the same after the political changes during election. Thus, the uncertainties in the direction of countrys administration and future planning will be available when the different leader takes over. These changes occur because of the implementation of political parties to lead the country which cause by doubt. Then, there is legislation that established to observe and control the direction of the progress of state. Doubt that created will be the key to knowledge as to reduce uncertainties. But somehow, doubt also does not always act as the key to knowledge. Knowledge also can be learnt through various processes. For example, with the presence of curiosity it also can be the key to knowledge. Curiosity is designed for progression or natural law of our being, and whoever retrogrades is acting contrary to his nature such as exploration, investigation, and learning, evident by observation in human. Strong curiosity is the main motivation of many scientists. In fact, in its development as wonder or admiration, it is generally curiosity that makes a human being want to become an expert in a field of knowledge. For example, James Newton and his law of gravitivity, he very felt curious why apple is falling down and not rising upward. Thus with the presence of curiosity of knowing something, through the process of basic scientific method, he observed and investigate, make generalization to create theory about behave of things fall downward. Then, he came out with Newtons law an d the concept of gravity. Anyhow, without thought of doubtful, true would forever elude us and play important role in our life especially to intervene something. Doubt is, however, something that we can take credit for in order to discover the true in any subjects, for example in Sciences either natural or human sciences. It is a natural human property rather than something we can learn. Genetics provide that so long as our mind is properly functional we will have these functions, although there are some other factors which act as the key to knowledge. From the argument above, we can conclude, somehow doubt is the key to knowledge to our daily life. (1203 words)

Assignment Verbal and Non Verbal Communication Essay

Answer 1.1. A primary industry is one that cultivates and exploits natural resources, such as agriculture or mining. A secondary industry takes the outputs of primary industries and converts them to consumer and capital goods. Examples of secondary industries are textiles and electronics. A tertiary industry is in the service sector of the economy. Examples of tertiary industries are banking and education. Answer 1.2. A capital good is a durable good that is used in production of goods or services Capital goods are acquired by a society by saving wealth which can be invested in the means of production. Individuals, organizations and governments use capital goods in the production of other goods or commodities. Capital goods include factories, machinery, tools, equipment, and various buildings which are used to produce other products for consumption. Capital goods, then, are products which are not produced for immediate consumption; rather, they are objects that are used to produce other goods and services. These types of goods are important economic factors because they are the key to developing a positive return from manufacturing other products and commodities. Answer 1.3. Generally production quantity is inversely related to product variety. A factory that produces a large variety of products will produce a smaller quantity of each. A company that produces a single product will produce a large quantity. Answer 1.4. Manufacturing capability refers to the technical and physical limitations of a manufacturing firm and each of its plants. Three categories of capability include technological processing capability, physical size and weight, and production capacity. Answer 1.5. Polymers, ceramics and metals are three basic categories of materials. Answer 1.6. A shaping process changes the geometry of the work material (machining or forging). A surface processing operation does not alter the geometry, but instead alters the properties and/or appearance of the surface of the work (painting or plating). Answer 1.7. A shaping process changes the geometry of the work material (machining or forging). A surface processing operation does not alter the geometry, but instead alters the properties and/or appearance of the surface of the work (painting or plating). Answer 1.8. Batch production is where groups, lots, or batches are processed together through the manufacturing operations. All units in the batch are processed at a given station before the group proceeds to the next station. In a medium or low quantity production situation, the same machines are used to produce many types of products.

Conformity and Rebellion

Conforming to societal norms can have many benefits. There are 3 different types of conformity; the first Is compliance; this Is the act of conforming to the larger majority In public while privately retaining one's personal beliefs. This can be seen In George Rowel's â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†: â€Å"The crowd would laugh at me†¦ L did not want to shoot the elephant. † In this short story Orwell is pressured by his society to shoot the elephant. Orwell did not want to shoot the elephant it was no longer causing any harm but to not shoot the elephant Orwell old be seen as a bad individual to his society.In this case one's personal beliefs must be taken back, if not the group of Indians would see Orwell as an evil person. This variety is often seen amongst adults complying with the rules and regulations of a job when they do not necessarily agree with its policies. This allows for the individual to maintain his or her own sense of individuality while still gaining whatever needs are afforded to them by adhering to the norms expected of them. The second form of conforming is called identification. This is the act of informing to someone admired or dollied by the individual. This can be done to mimic that of a celebrity or other iconic figure.Teenagers often conform as a way to make friends. By wearing a certain brand of clothing they are choosing to identify themselves with any others who wear that style or brand. This variety is most often seen amongst groups of the similar age. The third type is called initialization. This Is the act of fully adhering and believing in certain norms both publicly In society as well as individually to themselves. Initialization can be seen is Faulkner â€Å"A Rose or Emily: â€Å"l have received a paper, yes†¦ ‘ have no taxes In Jefferson. † In the town of Jefferson Emily never had to pay taxes until the town had changed Its norms.This variety Is most often seen amongst groups of similar rel igious beliefs or ethnic background. This allows for an Individual's full acceptance Into their chosen group. Conforming to the crowd Is actually physiologically programmed In to our brains. Studies show that the anterior Insularly cortex; the part of the human brain that controls social emotions and self-awareness as well as anterior Cingular cortex; the art of the brain that helps In error detection, have both been shown to Increase In activity when a subjects answer to a question is correct but dissenting from those of his or her peers.Though conforming to societal norms may grant individuals such things as social acceptance and inclusion, it also sometimes robs adhering persons of their feeling of individuality and private freedom. As sun tanner are also tense won seek to Aviva compliance Walt skeletal norms or to rebel against them. Societal rebellion is the act of rebelling against the norms expected. This is very often seen in younger generations. Rebelling from societal norm s is a way of giving up the privileges and acceptance associated complying with them in order to fully maintain ones independence and individuality from society.Societal rebellion is a double edged sword, where as it can be used passively as a way to move towards noble cause. For example the peaceful protests by Mahatma Gandhi as well as the sass Montgomery bus boycott. Both of these rebellions were against societal norms yet both were peaceful and nonviolent. Conversely societal rebellion can also be any act of violence or anarchy. Murders and all other acts of Eileen crimes can be perceived as social rebellion because obeying the law is also seen as a societal norm.Therefore by committing a crime, you are in turn disobeying a societal norm. Conformity and rebellion are both tools humans use to interact with society, whether it is conforming to initiate and maintain friendships, or it be rebelling in order to maintain ones individuality, or even to try to change the structure of so ciety itself. Conforming or rebelling is two sides of the same coin, but both are needed to establish ones presence and function in society.

Psychological Perspectives On Mental Health Disorders

According to the world heath organisation (2010) â€Å"health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. When looking at the aspect of health most people will mention characteristics of physical health yet fail to include mental health. Psychological perspectives are the different ways in which psychologists look at individual’s behaviours, thoughts and feelings. Although some of the psychological perspectives are very different while others are similar and seem to overlap, it is important to note that there isn’t simply one correct perspective and that each of the perspectives has their strengths and weaknesses. In this essay I am going to look into the different psychological perspectives and how they offer us an understanding on behaviours that have an influence over our health I will however be primarily be focusing on mental health disorders. Although psychological perspectives may help us get an understanding of behaviours or show us ways that psychological perspective has helped create solutions that may ease symptoms, it wont fully explain them. The description given by the World Health Organisation is the most frequently used when trying to give an accurate description on health however it still contains some faults and receives criticism from some. Some question whether according to this description if it possible to be truly ‘healthy’ (Warwick-Booth, Cross Lowcock, 2012). Both psychologicalShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Mad House By Elizabeth Cochran1292 Words   |  6 PagesCochran assumed the alias Nellie Bly and feigned a mental illness to report on the truly awful conditions inside psychiatric hospitals in the US--which were known as asylums at the time. She found rotten food, cold showers, prevalent rats, abusive nurses, and patients being tied down in her famous expose Ten Days in a Mad House. What she documented had been pretty standard mental health treatment for centuries, but her work led the charge in mental health reform. It s been a long battle. NearlyRead MoreMental Health Nursing Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesmedical sciences (source). Caring for each component is important to the healing process. In mental health nursing, as stated above, mental illnesses can affect the physical biological health of the body (same above source). A person may not know they are sick pending they are triggered by their environmental. For example, stressful environments like workplace settings can and bring about an anxiety disorder. Although anxiety is the natural way for the body to cope with stress, the constant triggersRead MoreAbnormal Psychology1154 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscipline that focuses on examining the causes of mental dysfunction or abnormal behavior. Some of the major areas of study in this field include emotional disturbance, psychopathology, mental illness, and maladjustment. This scientific discipline examines abnormal behavior since such actions are expressed due to psychological dysfunction that contains some features of deviance, potential injury, and distress. As various types of psychological dysfunction have been manifested throughout historyRead MoreAddressing Distress in Teens Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released the Healthy People 2020 yearlong goals and objectives. This is comprised of 42 topic areas that the government believes should be priority in enhancing the health of all within society3. Among the health objectives are Social Determinants of Health, Mental Health and Mental Disorders, and Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-being3. Although there has been much information and research on certain mental health issues such as depressionRead MoreDissociative Disorders And The Most Controversial Disorders1055 Words   |  5 PagesMai Nguyen PSYC 1 Dec. 11, 2015 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative disorders are one of the most controversial disorders that exist. It is often argued that the disorder does not actually exist and that people are over-diagnosed. Dissociative disorders is a type of psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts. A common example of a dissociation isRead MoreDiagnostic And Diagnostic Classification System Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Mental health disorders has been very strenuous and complex to understand and diagnose, many diagnosis criteria such as DSM have been used to determine the disorders and medication (Szabo, 2011). I am asserting that â€Å"Yes, Psychopathology diagnostic classification systems (such as the DSM or ICD) are of little use to health professionals and patients because behaviours are often misidentified and medicalised†. To assert this, this paper is going to explore four main topics that contributeRead MoreHealth Psychology1720 Words   |  7 PagesCultural barriers affecting the mental health of Indigenous people Cultural barriers certainly have a crucial impact in affecting the mental health of Indigenous people. This is evident as Indigenous people tend to have considerably high levels of stress and anxiety in their lives stemming from the consequences of trauma and grief of stolen generation and dispossession which is intricately linked to mental health and disorder (Craven, 2006).This common pattern of loss of culture, land, voiceRead MoreThe Standard Classification Of Mental Disorders994 Words   |  4 Pagesclassification of mental disorders, which is being used by American mental health providers. It includes a list of diagnostic criteria for every psychiatric disorder discovered by the U.S. healthcare system. The DSM 5 is presently used in clinical and community services settings. Creating a tool like this was a need, due to the fact that providers need to collect and communicate statistics about psychiatric disorders. The need of revising the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders is the productRead MoreThe Idea Of The Multipath Model1705 Words   |  7 Pagesmultipath model is a way for mental health professionals to take in the key point information of their analysis of the situation. My analysis of the multipath model is that it’s ingenious because it acts as blue print on finding the specific underlying issues that point to mental health disorder. According to (Sue et al. 2014, p.30) the multipath model is â€Å"a model of models that provides an organizational framework for understanding the numerous causes of mental disorders, the complexity of their interactingRead MoreThe Effects Of Abnormality And Mental Illness1284 Words   |  6 Pagesabnormality, and mental illness. I was exposed early on to abnormality. My father, who spent 20 years of his life in the U.S. Navy, was diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Disorder in 1995, following the riots in the camps of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in 1994. This is not my only experience with mental illness, although it was the most persistent experience I have had with abnormality. My mother went through severe depression when she turned 40. My sister was diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder at 18, while I was